Poor Handwriting?

If you see your child struggling with handwriting- her handwriting is sloppy, illegible and the letter formation is not up to the mark, please don’t give her handwriting books to practice writing. Instead give her activities to enhance her fine motor skills. If you see no improvement in handwriting in a month or so, you could go to an occupational therapist to get her evaluated and started on therapy. Please do not ignore this problem, as it doesn’t get resolved on its own. Also, it makes academic success more difficult to achieve as your child goes up grade levels and writing becomes more and more of a task.

Below is the list of a few activities that support fine motor development:

1. Art activities like drawing, colouring, cutting, pasting, crumpling, twisting, tracing, painting and printing (creativity kit will take care of all these)
2. Play dough
3. Beading
4. Weaving
5. Construction toys like lego and blocks
6. Sand play and water play
7. Dressing up- buttoning and lacing
8. Crochet and sewing for older children
9. Cooking and baking- shelling peas, cutting vegetables, peeling, kneading, pouring, rolling, pressing, mixing
10. Pegging (for e.g. clipping clothes on the line)
11. Sharpening pencils
12. Folding clothes

Involve your child in household chores and make her independent in terms of dressing, organizing her clothes and toys, eating etc. Many activities have inbuilt opportunities to enhance fine motor skills. Get creative and for more ideas simply search the internet.

I Wonder...

When you make conversations with your child, you can ask her several wonder questions, for example, when you see the sunset, ask her ‘I wonder where the sun goes’, or when you are walking up a slope, ask her ‘I wonder why it is harder to go up the slope and easier to go down’, or when it rains, ask her ‘I wonder where the rain comes from’. Ask her these questions when you see it in the environment with her and not out of context.

Of course you know the answers to most of the workings of the world, but don’t start to explain it to your child or provide readymade answers. The wonder questions here have a very important role to play. They draw your child’s attention to things, arouse and develop her curiosity and make it the habit of her mind to give everything a thought which later on helps her get the answers herself.

When you ask a question like ‘I wonder where the sun goes’, just wait for a few minutes and hear the explanation your child has to give. Of course your very young child won’t have the right explanation but enjoy the logic of her young and developing mind! She might say and she will say it confidently ‘It goes down in the sea’,  ‘It mixes with the sky and disappears’, etc. At this point please don’t say ‘It doesn’t make sense’, ‘How can it be’ and other statements of this kind. Simply say, ‘Hmm, interesting’ and please leave it at that. I know it’s hard to leave it at that, but do so as you don’t want to spoil the joy of learning and discovery when your child comes across this information while reading a book, learning in school, etc. She will then connect back to the wonder question she had thought about in the past.

Refrain from making your child a storehouse of information. Focus more on inquiry-based learning, which is by far superior as it develops inquisitiveness, research skills, thinking skills and joyful and lifelong independent learning.

If your child is interested in finding out facts, refer to books and Internet alongside her and help her find answers. You can also tell her what you know and support it with videos and books. Don’t forget to be excited about it- you will pass on your enthusiasm to her which will stay with her in years to come.

The Number Grid

A very important tool to develop number sense is the Number Grid (1 to 100). You can either make it yourself or print it out from the Internet and ideally laminate it. All you have to do is put it up in your child’s room. Even if you think your 2 year old won’t make sense of the higher numbers, believe in this idea! Remember not to underestimate the capability of your child.

How to use it?

Sky is the limit. When you talk about anything involving numbers draw your child’s attention to that number. The various opportunities would be age of people, money, temperature, distance, speed, quantity, height, weight, time, etc. Keep it in the context of real life especially in younger years.

For example,

·      If it’s your birthday, point to the number your age is and then point to the number your child’s age is. Show her how much older you/her sibling/her grandparents are than her.

·      Point to the number to show the amount it costs to get her the candy as compared to an ice cream.

·      When you travel show her how much colder/warmer it will be out there compared to where you are.

·      Make up simple number stories and ask her to solve the sums using the grid: if you had 10 candies and you gave away 4 to your friend, how many are you left with? Show her to move down 4 spaces from 10 on the grid.

Some of the concepts it aids in developing are:

Ascending/Descending order

Number Comparison (Greater than/Less than/Equal to)

Odd/Even numbers

Skip Counting

Addition/Subtraction/Multiplication/Addition

Tens and Ones

Base 10

Mental Calculations

Number Patterns

Estimation

The above list is for you to know that the number grid is a significant tool to develop important math concepts. Don’t think that your child will become over dependent on it. She will be able to use different strategies and mental math techniques more easily if she knows how the basic number system works. When you sit down to help her with her Math homework, do take the help of number grid.

Piece by Piece

Building puzzles require several skills like concentration, fine motor, part-whole relationship and spatial orientation. It is an important skill to master because it has academic implications. 

When a child starts building puzzles she not only needs support and encouragement from you but also freedom to try out her own strategies. She herself is not aware of her own capabilities at this point and neither are you!

I have often seen parents and teachers give out strategies to children for building puzzles. For example, ‘you should start with the border first’, ‘this piece wouldn’t fit here, ‘how can it fit here’, ‘how can this part jut out’, ‘start with this piece’ and other comments that leave no room for the child to think and function on her own. It’s also very distressing for the child as she starts feeling less of herself.

I still remember how my daughter Antara had taken to building puzzles. I still remember the look on her face when at 4 years of age she figured out that one chunk of joined puzzle pieces connected to the other chunk that she had built. I cherish the joy of discovery and victory that lit up her face and the boost it gave to her confidence! I celebrated with her and she felt so great about herself. There was no looking back after that… she had started building 80 to 100 piece puzzles at the age of 4years. All I had to do was give her time and room to operate on her own, use her own thinking skills and develop her own strategies.

World Map- From abstract to real

Putting up a world map in your child’s room or anywhere else in your home is very beneficial. When you travel or talk about different places, draw your child’s attention to where they are on the map. Start early (2years of age) and don’t underestimate your child’s understanding. Even if you feel she is too little to understand the layout of the world, show the places to her. As long as it is in the context of real life, your child will pay attention to it. For example, if you are traveling to America, show her where you are going to start from and where you will reach, over which countries and oceans you will fly etc. If you have a friend visiting, you can show her the place the friend is coming from and add a few facts about that place.

For slightly older children, you could tell them about continents, countries, important cities, physical features, etc.

Teachers can display a world map or a globe in their classroom and draw their students’ attention to location of different places they talk about during circle time or from books. 

The map adds reality to the conversations, helps children understand their place in the world, increases their general knowledge and builds the base for Geography.

How and why to bring up an imaginative child

Here is an article that I found very useful and relevant. It's very important to support and develop your child's imaginative ideas as these would serve as foundation for divergent and analytical thinking in her/his adult life. 

Article from babycenter.com

What to expect at this age (3 to 6yrs)

It's no surprise if by now you find yourself living with a princess, a unicorn, Batman, or a Tyrannosaurus rex. Children are hardwired to be imaginative, and your preschooler's imagination has really gotten rolling. And you get to be privy to more and more of her make-believe world, now that she has more sophisticated verbal skills.

Although you could sit by and watch the fun, it's even better if you join in now and then. "A preschooler's imagination develops naturally, but there's a lot you can do to spark it," says Kristi Alexander, a pediatric psychologist at Alliant International University in San Diego. "As you expose her to new sights, sounds, and sensations, you open her mind to a bigger world." At each stage of your child's imaginative development, listening to her and taking part in her games (when you're welcome, of course) will help you keep up with what she's thinking. And who knows? You might revitalize your own imagination in the process.

How your preschooler's imagination works

Your preschooler has probably gotten the hang of thinking abstractly: The couch can easily become a ship at sea, and her toast makes a perfectly plausible telephone. Now she may also engage in increasingly social games of pretend — playing "kitty family" with you, for example. (Warning: She'll probably be the mama cat, and you'll get the role of helpless kitten.)

Why encouraging imagination is important

An active imagination helps your preschooler in more ways than you might think.

Improving vocabulary. Children who play imaginary games or listen to lots of fairy tales, stories read aloud from books, or tales spun by those around them tend to have noticeably better vocabularies.

Taking control. Pretending lets your preschooler be anyone he wants, practice things he's learned, and make situations turn out the way he wants. Stories where the brave little boy thwarts the evil witch or playacted fantasies of being the one to rescue his fellow pirates from that sinking ship give him a sense that he can be powerful and in control even in unfamiliar or scary situations.

Learning social rules. Getting along socially can be tricky at any age. When your preschooler joins the other kids in the sandbox to create a castle out of sand, sticks, and leaves, she's not only exploring a fantasy world, she's learning complex, real-world rules about sharing, social interaction, and resolving conflicts.

Solving problems. Dreaming up imaginary situations teaches your child to think creatively in real life. Whether at school or at home, it's often adults who decide what children will do and how they'll do it, and it's adults who solve any problems that arise. But in play, kids decide what to do and how to do it (how to capture the monster, for example), and how to solve problems (anything from what to do about Bobby's skinned knee to how to include a pouty playmate who feels left out).

What you can do to spark your preschooler's imagination

Read books. Reading stories together about unfamiliar lands and people is a good way to fuel your child's fantasy life, and books that expand her vocabulary of words and images will help, too. (How can you imagine sailing a pirate ship if you've never seen one?) With storybooks, she can explore visual details, make up stories, and "read" to herself. If you're reading the text, stop often to explore the pictures and talk about what's happening: "Imagine how Annie must have felt when she lost her sister's ring!" Encourage your preschooler to make up her own endings to the stories you read. Read about the world, show her pictures of everything from beetles to pinwheels, and explore in further detail those things that interest her most.

Share stories. Telling your own made-up stories is just as good for your child's imagination as reading a book together. Not only will your tales provide a sense of possibilities for his inventive thinking, they'll demonstrate the basics of creating characters and plots. And using your child as the main character is a great way to expand his sense of self.

Before long, your preschooler will offer her own narratives and adventures. In fact, because her understanding of the difference between reality and fantasy is still limited, she may occasionally make up a wild story she fully expects everyone to believe. Play along and enjoy her creativity — as long as it's all in good fun. If your child is frightening herself with a scary tale (e.g., there's a monster in her closet), put on the brakes and clarify what's real and what's not.

Another idea: Trade off lines of a story. While you're driving, say to her, "Once upon a time there was a dog. She lived with a little girl, and they liked to go to the park. One day..." Then give your child a turn. Let her tell the fun parts, like naming the girl and the dog and describing the climax and the ending.

Relish her artwork. For most preschoolers, exploration of materials is the most important aspect of making art. So as she works with the supplies you've given her — water, clay, sand, dough, paints, papers, buttons, ribbons — respect the process. For her, a piece of cardboard glued onto some colored paper is a good enough result. She doesn't want or need to hear that her finished puppet "should look like this."

Even "pictures" at this point will be largely lines and shapes on the page, though by age 4 many kids start dabbling in representational drawing. When your preschooler draws a picture, rather than trying to guess what it is (unless she's a budding Rembrandt, chances are you'll guess wrong anyway), ask her to interpret it for you. Instead of "What a beautiful house!" say, "What cool colors you've used! What's happening in this picture?"

Make music. Although your child probably isn't ready for structured piano lessons, you can still fill her world with music. Listen to a variety of tunes together, and encourage her to participate by singing, dancing, or playing homemade or toy instruments. She can follow along with a song being played, or make up her own, complete with lyrics. (Be sure to have a video or audio recorder on hand!)

Encourage pretend play. Children learn a lot from dramatizing events from their daily — and fantasy — lives. When your preschooler invents a scenario and plot line and peoples it with characters ("I'm the daddy and you're the baby and you're sick"), he develops social and verbal skills. He'll work out emotional issues as he replays scenarios that involve feeling sad, happy, frightened, or safe. Imagining himself as a superhero, a horse, or a wizard makes him feel powerful and gives him a sense of what it's like to be in charge. And he develops his understanding of cause and effect as he imagines how you or his friend or his cat would behave in a particular situation. He's also exploring the world of discipline, since he's making the rules, either by himself or with the help of a playmate (the array of intricate rules kids come up with always astounds adults).

Provide props. Towels become turbans, plastic bracelets become precious jewels, old bathroom rugs turn into magic carpets, and that moth-eaten collection of stuffed animals transforms itself into a rain forest, animal hospital, or farm. Because preschoolers love to take on the role of someone else — a parent, a baby, a pet — a simple object like a toy cash register or a chalkboard can be all that's needed to spark creative play. Since most of the action takes place inside your child's head, the best props are often generic, and detailed costumes modeled after specific cartoon characters or action figures aren't really the ticket here.

Providing a special box or trunk to hold pretending paraphernalia can make fantasy play even more of an adventure, especially if you occasionally restock when your child's not looking ("Let's see what's in the trunk today!"). Including more than one of the same item can help, too, since two pirates or princesses are always better than one.

Use the computer judiciously. Just because tech companies are churning out software for kids doesn't mean your child will turn out computer-illiterate if she doesn't do daily computer time. Still, there are some quality programs for preschoolers that can spark your child's imagination, from drawing, painting, and music software to virtual treasure hunts. And the Internet can be an invaluable resource for looking up topics of interest — hunting down the latest photos of Jupiter or colorful pictures of a coral reef — and for exposing your child to different cultures and ideas from around the world.

Limit TV time. When it comes to your child's TV viewing, less is better. There are some excellent programs out there that teach kids, say, how a baby kangaroo behaves or how other kids their age live in Japan, and you can record shows to provide quality programming at convenient times. But don't overdo it.

Movies and TV shows tend to limit a budding imagination since they do the visualizing for your child. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children aged 2 and over stick to no more than one to two hours of entertainment media per day. Resist the temptation to use TV as an electronic babysitter; instead, sit and watch along with her, posing questions, expanding on ideas presented in the show or movie, and finding out what strikes her as most interesting.

How to live with your preschooler's imagination

Set limits. Creating and enforcing rules — no hitting with the "sword" — is crucial for everyone's sake. But if you can, let your child live for a bit with the reminders of her flights of fancy. The fact that the dining room table isn't available for dinner because it's currently serving as an igloo gives you the perfect excuse to have a "picnic" on the living room floor.

Accept her imaginary friend. Experts believe that having an imaginary friend is a sign of a creative, social child who's found a way to help manage her own fears or concerns. Some studies suggest as many as half of kids have an imaginary pal at some point.

However, if your child starts blaming the buddy for something she did, it's time for a reality check. You don't need to accuse her of lying, but do address the behavior. Have your child, along with the imaginary sidekick, rectify the situation (clean up the mess, apologize, etc.) and make it clear the act was unacceptable.

Keep messes manageable. Yes, reenacting the story of Hansel and Gretel might lead to a trail of crumbs through the living room. If you have the space, it's a good idea to designate a room, or part of a room, as an arts and crafts corner, where your child is free to create without worrying about making a mess.

Some containment strategies can also help: Old button-down shirts make great smocks when worn backwards with the sleeves cut off, plastic sheeting under the Play-Doh construction site can protect the rug, and large sheets of butcher paper over the crafts table can prevent an encrusted layer of multicolored paints or glue.

Enjoy the offbeat. When your child wants to wear his space commander outfit to preschool for the third day in a row, it's tempting to say no. Adults are socialized to draw strict lines between "public" and "private" behavior — your funky gray sweatpants and rabbit slippers are fine around the house, but not at a restaurant — and it's hard to realize children don't think that way. But if you find yourself forcing a confrontation ("Take off your Halloween costume now"), remember that your preschooler doesn't recognize these boundaries yet, and consider letting it go. In the grand scheme of things, a kid in a kooky outfit may not be worth worrying about.

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